Cholesterol is one of the most important substances involved in metabolism. Cholesterol enters the body from animal products.
Cholesterol is a lipophilic alcohol that plays a role in the formation of cell membranes, in the synthesis of certain hormones and vitamins, and in other metabolic processes.
Cholesterol is essential for the body, but its high content can lead to diseases of the cardiovascular system, especially atherosclerosis.
Cholesterol is carried through the body through the bloodstream through a carrier: high- and low-density lipoprotein. Low-density lipoproteins are called "bad" cholesterol, and when they increase in the blood, the risk of cardiovascular pathologies increases significantly. Therefore, doctors strongly recommend reducing their levels. However, reducing high-density lipoprotein increases the risk of heart disease.
The norm of cholesterol in the blood in healthy people is 5 mol / l and below. Cholesterol intake in healthy people should not exceed 300 mg per day, and with increased blood cholesterol (hypercholesterolemia) no more than 200 mg per day.
General description of the child
The purpose of a diet for high cholesterol is to reduce the levels of "bad" cholesterol, prevent the development of pathology of the cardiovascular system, normalize the work of the kidneys and liver, activate metabolic processes and improve blood circulation.
The diet should meet the principle of mechanical sparing, which has a beneficial effect not only on the digestive system, but also on the cardiovascular system.
The high cholesterol diet corresponds to treatment table no. 10 and no. 10C.
The high cholesterol treatment table includes salt and fat restrictions (mostly of animal origin).
Table characteristics (per day):
- energy value is 2190 - 2570 kcal;
- protein - 90 gr. , of which 55 - 60% of animal origin;
- fat 70 - 80 gr. , of which at least 30 gr. vegetables;
- carbohydrates not more than 300 gr. for overweight people, and for people with a normal body weight of 350 gr.
The basics of dieting
Diet
Food fractional, 5 times a day. This allows you to reduce food portions and suppresses hunger between meals.
Temperature
Food temperature is normal, there are no restrictions.
Sol
The amount of table salt is limited to 3 - 5 gr. , Food is prepared unsalted, and if necessary salted at the table. Salt causes fluid retention in the body, which increases the load on the cardiovascular system.
Liquid
Use of free fluid up to 1. 5 liters (relief of the cardiovascular and urinary system).
Alcohol
Alcohol should be avoided, especially spirits. But doctors recommend (in the absence of contraindications) to take 50-70 ml of natural red wine at night, which contains flavonoids with antioxidant properties (therefore, dry red wine protects the walls of blood vessels from the formation of atherosclerotic plaques). In addition, a strict smoking ban has been introduced.
Weight
Obese and obese people need to normalize their weight. Excess fat in the body is an additional source of "bad" cholesterol, and also complicates the work of the heart and blood vessels.
Foods rich in lipotropic substances and vitamins
Preference should be given to fruits and vegetables rich in vitamins C and P, group B, potassium and magnesium salts. These vitamins protect the vascular walls due to their antioxidant effect, and potassium and magnesium are included in the heart rhythm.
Fats
Wherever possible, vegetable fats should be replaced as much as possible. Vegetable fats do not contain cholesterol, in addition, they are useful for the walls of blood vessels with a high content of vitamin E (antioxidants).
Prohibited foods due to high cholesterol
The list of banned foods due to high cholesterol is primarily animal fats - they are a source of "bad" cholesterol.
You should also reject carbohydrates, which are easily digested, converted into fat and, as a result, into cholesterol.
You should not eat food that activates and excites the nervous and cardiovascular system.
Food should be steamed, cooked or baked. Frying products are excluded, because low-density lipoproteins and carcinogens are created during frying. Almost all vegetables are consumed cooked, because raw fiber in large quantities causes bloating.
List of prohibited products:
- rich fresh bread, yeast and puff pastry products, pancakes, fried pies, pancakes, pasta from soft wheat varieties (contain easily digestible carbohydrates);
- high-fat whole milk, high-fat cottage cheese, sour cream, cheeses;
- fried and boiled eggs (especially yolks - a source of saturated fat);
- soups on concentrated and fatty fish and meat broth, mushroom soups;
- fatty meat (lamb, pork), poultry (duck, goose), chicken skin, especially fried, sausages, sausages;
- fatty fish, caviar, salted fish, canned food, baked fish with margarine and solid fats;
- solid fats (fat, margarine, edible oil);
- squid, shrimp;
- natural coffee made from beans (fat comes out of the beans during cooking);
- vegetables, especially fried in solid fats (chips, french fries, fried in soup), coconut and salted nuts;
- mayonnaise, sour cream and cream sauces;
- confectionery creams, chocolate, cocoa, cakes, ice cream.
Approved products
Recommended foods in the diet for high cholesterol should contain a large amount of unsaturated fatty acids, which are a source of "good" cholesterol.
First of all, this applies to fish, which includes omega-3-unsaturated fatty acids. Fish is also a source of vitamin D.
A large amount of soluble fiber (oatmeal) increases the level of high-density lipoprotein. Fresh vegetables and fruits contain large amounts of antioxidants that strengthen vascular walls. Nuts also contain a lot of antioxidants (vitamin E).
A diet high in cholesterol is designed to normalize the ratio of high-quality lipoprotein (rising) and low-quality lipoprotein (downward).
List of allowed products:
- dried or yesterday's wholemeal bread, bran bread, durum wheat pasta;
- vegetable oils in any quantity, except palm oil (fill salads with unrefined vegetable oil);
- vegetables: potatoes, cauliflower and white cabbage, carrots (removes toxins), lettuce (source of folic acid), pumpkin, zucchini, beets;
- lean meat and poultry (rabbit, turkey and skinless chicken, veal, lean beef);
- seafood: caps, oysters, shellfish and crustaceans limited;
- fish, especially seafood, lean varieties (roasted and cooked): tuna, haddock, flounder, polpet, cod, hake;
- legumes as a source of plant proteins;
- walnuts (walnuts, peanuts) contain a large amount of phospholipids that reduce the level of "bad" cholesterol, are sources of vitamin E;
- garlic and garlic, contain a lot of vitamin C, protect vascular walls, remove scale and fat deposits from the body;
- oatmeal, cereals, puddings from other cereals (cereals must be cooked in diluted milk);
- non-fat milk, non-fat cottage cheese, sour cream, kefir, yoghurt, non-fat and unsalted cheeses;
- juices, especially citrus (a lot of ascorbic acid, which strengthens the vascular wall);
- poorly brewed tea, coffee drink with milk, vegetable decoctions, rose hips, compotes;
- spices: pepper, mustard, spices, vinegar, lemon, rhubarb.
The need for a diet
Dietary compliance regulates the content of high and low density lipoproteins, which reduces the level of "bad" cholesterol.
The high cholesterol treatment table allows you to normalize its content without taking medication. In addition, in people who follow a diet, the veins remain "clean" for a long time, blood circulation in them is not disturbed, which not only has a beneficial effect on the cardiovascular system, but also on the skin, nails and hair.
The large amount of antioxidants in the recommended food with high cholesterol slows down the aging of the skin, prevents the development of pathologies of internal organs and increases vitality.
Consequences of non-compliance with the diet
High cholesterol in the blood is the first bell of the upcoming atherosclerosis of blood vessels.
In atherosclerosis, plaques form on the walls of blood vessels that narrow the lumen of arterial veins, which threatens not only the development of circulatory disorders in the body as a whole, but also dangerous complications such as stroke and myocardial infarction. .
Also, high cholesterol is one of the factors in the development of hypertension and cerebral atherosclerosis (memory impairment, visual impairment, tinnitus, sleep disorders, dizziness).